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Terror (politics)
Terror, is from the French ''terreur'', from Latin ''terror'' meaning "great fear", a noun derived from the Latin verb ''terrere'' meaning "to frighten", is a policy of political repression and violence intended to subdue political opposition. The term was first used for the Reign of Terror during the French Revolution. Modern instances of terror include red terror or white terror.
Before the advent of modern terrorism, the term ''"terrorism"'' in the English language was sometimes used interchangeably with ''terror''. The modern definition of terrorism refers to acts or threats of violence against non-combatants — typically neutral military personnel and civilians — in hoping that such violence or threat would generate a political or religious change. It is practiced by extremist groups with a limited political base or parties on the weaker side in asymmetric warfare. Terror on the other hand is practiced by governments and law enforcement officials, usually within the legal framework of the state.
==Revolutionary and counter-revolutionary terror==
(詳細はRevolutionary terror, also known as ''"Red terror"'', was often used by revolutionary governments to suppress counterrevolutionaries. The first example was the Reign of Terror during the French Revolution in 1794.〔"Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy", by Barrington Moore, Edward Friedman, James C. Scott (1993) ISBN 0-8070-5073-3, p.101: "Social Consequences of Revolutionary Terror"〕〔(French revolutionary terror was a gross exaggeration, say Lafayette experts. By Chandni Navalkha. ) April 28, 2008. accessed 5-20-2009〕 Other notable examples include the ''Red Terror'' in Soviet Russia in 1918–1922, as well as simultaneous campaigns in the Hungarian Soviet Republic and in Finland. In China Red Terror in 1966 and 1967 started the Cultural revolution.
Counterrevolutionary terror is usually referred to as ''"white terror"''. Notable examples are the terror campaigns in France (1794–1795), in Russia (1917–20), in Hungary (1919–1921), and in Spain. Modern examples of counter-revolutionary terror include Operation Condor in South America.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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